The lesson below belongs to the Classical Liberal Arts Academy’s Greek Reading I course. In this course, we study the Gospel of St. John in the New Testament. Students wishing to master the lesson below are to complete translation exercises daily from Greek into English and English into Greek, until every Greek word and its English meaning are memorized.
Text
1 Καὶ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ γάμος ἐγένετο ἐν Κανὰ τῆς Γαλιλαίας, καὶ ἦν ἡ μήτηρ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐκεῖ: 2 ἐκλήθη δὲ καὶ ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν γάμον. 3 καὶ ὑστερήσαντος οἴνου λέγει ἡ μήτηρ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ πρὸς αὐτόν: οἶνον οὐκ ἔχουσιν 4 καὶ λέγει αὐτῇ ὁ Ἰησοῦς: τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί, γύναι; οὔπω ἥκει ἡ ὥρα μου. 5 λέγει ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ τοῖς διακόνοις: ὅ τι ἂν λέγῃ ὑμῖν, ποιήσατε.
Exposition
1 Καὶ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ γάμος ἐγένετο ἐν Κανὰ τῆς Γαλιλαίας, καὶ ἦν ἡ μήτηρ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐκεῖ:
- καὶ: conjunction, “and”
- τῇ: def. article, fem, sing, dat, “the”
- ἡμέρᾳ: substantive noun, fem, sing, dat, “day”
- τῇ: def. article, fem, sing, dat, “the”
- τρίτῃ: adjective noun, fem, sing, dat, “third”
- γάμος: substantive noun, masc, sing, nom, “wedding”
- ἐγένετο: verb, aor., ind., midd., 3rd, sing., “was”
- ἐν: prep. (+ dat.) “in”
- Κανὰ: substantive noun, fem, sing, dat, “Cana”
- τῆς: def. article, fem, sing, gen., “the”
- Γαλιλαίας: substantive noun, fem, sing, gen., “Galilee”
- καὶ: conjunction, “and”
- ἦν: verb, impf., ind., act., 3rd, sing., “was”
- ἡ: def. article, fem., sing., nom., “the”
- μήτηρ: substantive noun, fem, sing., nom., “mother”
- τοῦ: def. article, masc., sing., gen., “the”
- Ἰησοῦ: substantive noun, masc., sing., gen., “Jesus”
- ἐκεῖ: adverb, “there”
Translation: And on the day [the] third [a] wedding [there] was in Cana of [the] Galilee and was the mother of Jesus there:
2 ἐκλήθη δὲ καὶ ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν γάμον.
- ἐκλήθη: aor., ind., pass., 3rd, sing., “invited”
- δὲ: conjunction, “and”
- καὶ: conjunction, “also”
- ὁ: def. article, masc., sing., nom., “the”
- Ἰησοῦς: substantive noun, masc., sing., nom., “Jesus”
- καὶ: conjunction, “and”
- οἱ: def. article, masc., plur., nom., “the”
- μαθηταὶ: substantive noun, masc., plur., nom., “disciples”
- αὐτοῦ: pronoun, masc., sing., gen., “of him”
- εἰς: prep. (+acc.), “to”
- τὸν: def. article, masc., sing., acc., “the”
- γάμον: substantive noun, masc., sing., acc., “wedding”
Translation: Invited and also [the] Jesus and the disciples of him to the wedding.
3 καὶ ὑστερήσαντος οἴνου λέγει ἡ μήτηρ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ πρὸς αὐτόν: οἶνον οὐκ ἔχουσιν
- καὶ: conjunction, “and”
- ὑστερήσαντος: participle, aor., act., masc., sing., gen.((ὑστερήσαντος – this is the “Genitive absolute” – see Smyth par. 2070))
- οἴνου: substantive noun, masc., sing., gen., “of wine”
- λέγει: verb, pres., ind., act., 3rd, sing., “says”
- ἡ: def. article, fem., sing., nom., “the”
- μήτηρ: substantive noun, fem., sing., nom., “mother”
- τοῦ: def. article, masc., sing., gen., “of the”
- Ἰησοῦ: substantive noun, masc., sing., gen., “of Jesus”
- πρὸς: preposition (+acc.), “to”
- αὐτόν: pronoun, masc., sing., acc., “him”
- οἶνον: substantive noun, masc., sing., acc., “wine”
- οὐκ: adverb, “not”
- ἔχουσιν: verb, pres., ind., act., 3rd, plur., “they have”
Translation: And being depleted of wine, says the mother of Jesus to him: “Wine not they have.”.
4 καὶ λέγει αὐτῇ ὁ Ἰησοῦς: τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί, γύναι; οὔπω ἥκει ἡ ὥρα μου.
- καὶ: conjunction, “and”
- λέγει: verb, pres., ind., act., 3rd, sing., “says”
- αὐτῇ: pronoun, fem., sing., dat., “to her”
- ὁ: def. article, masc., sing., nom., “the”
- Ἰησοῦς: substantive noun, masc., sing., nom., “Jesus”
- τί: pronoun, neut., sing., nom., “What?”
- ἐμοὶ: pronoun, masc., sing., dat., “to me”
- καὶ: conjunction, “and”
- σοί: pronoun, fem., sing., dat., “to you”
- γύναι: substantive noun, fem., sing., voc., “woman”
- οὔπω: adverb, “not yet”
- ἥκει: pres., ind., act., 3rd, sing., “is come”
- ἡ: def. article., fem., sing., nom., “the”
- ὥρα: substantive noun, fem., sing., nom., “hour”
- μου: pronoun, masc., sing., gen., “of me”
Translation: And says to her Jesus, “What to me and to you, woman? Not yet is come the hour of me.”
5 λέγει ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ τοῖς διακόνοις: ὅ τι ἂν λέγῃ ὑμῖν, ποιήσατε.
- λέγει: verb, pres., ind., act., 3rd, sing., “says”
- ἡ: def. article, fem., sing., nom., “the”
- μήτηρ: substantive noun, fem., sing., nom., “mother”
- αὐτοῦ: pronoun, masc., sing., gen., “of him”
- τοῖς:; def. article, masc., plur., dat., “to the”
- διακόνοις: substantive noun, masc., sing., dat., “servants”
- ὅ τι ἂν = “whatsoever” ((ὅ τι ἂν – translated with quodcumque by St. Jerome))
- λέγῃ: verb, pres., subj., act., 3rd, sing., “he may say”
- ὑμῖν: pronoun, masc., plur., dat., “to you”
- ποιήσατε: verb., pres., imp., act., 2nd, plur., “do”
Translation: Says the mother of him to the servants: “Whatsoever he may say to you, do.”
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