From these things also it is evident, that a herile and a political government are not the same, nor that all governments are the same with each other, as some affirm. For one government is that of those who are free by nature, but the other of those who are naturally slaves. And the government of a family, indeed, is a monarchy; for every house is under this form of government. But a political dominion is the government of free men and those of an equal condition. A master, therefore, is not so denominated according to science, but because he is despotic. And in a similar manner a slave and a free man are denominated. There will also be a despotic and a servile science. And the servile, indeed, is such as that which was taught among the Syracusians. For there a certain person receiving a stipulated sum taught the boys all the business of a household slave. But the discipline of things of this kind is extensive, such as the art of cookery, and other such like genera of ministrant offices. For there is a difference in these; since some employments are more honourable, but others are more necessary; and according to the proverb, One slave excels another, one master excels another. All such like sciences, therefore, are servile. But despotic science is the knowledge by which a master is able to use his slaves properly. For a master is such not by possessing, but by using slaves. This science, however, contains nothing great or venerable. For it is requisite that the master should know how to order the slave to do those things which the slave ought to know how to do. Hence those who have it in their power to be free from these molestations, confer this honour on a steward, and apply themselves either to public affairs or to philosophy. But the science of procuring necessaries is different from both the above-mentioned sciences, and the justice pertaining to it consists either in war or hunting. And thus much concerning the difference between a slave and a master.
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