There are, therefore, three parts of domestic government; one being indeed despotic [or the government of the masters], concerning which we have already spoken; another, paternal; and the third, nuptial. For both wife and children are to be governed as free persons, yet not with the same mode of government; but the wife, indeed, is to be ruled politically, or as a citizen of a republic, and the children regally, [or according to kingly government]. For the male is by nature more adapted to rule than the female, except when he happens to be unnaturally formed; and the elder and more perfect than the younger and imperfect. In most republican governments, therefore, the governor and the governed alternately change place. For equality without any difference is natural in this government; but at the same time, when one governs, and another is governed, nature endeavours that there should be a difference between them, in forms, expressions, and honours; as Amasis said of his laver. The male, however, always subsists after this manner with reference to the female. But the government of children is regal. For that which begets, and governs according to friendship and seniority, rules conformably to the species of royal government. Hence, Homer, speaking of Jupiter, very properly calls him, “Father of gods and men.” For he is the king of all these. For it is necessary, indeed, that a king should excel by nature, but in genus should be the same [with those whom he governs]. And this is also the case with the elder with reference to the younger, and the begetter with reference to the thing begotten.
The lessons published on this site are freely available to read. If you wish to move from reading to formal study — with graded assessments, academic records, and the support of the Academy — you may enroll at any time. Enrollment is open year round, to students of all ages.
