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Lesson
I. Pronomen est quod loco nominis positum certam finitamque personam vel rem
adsignificat.
Translation: A Pronoun is that which in the place of a noun place a certain and finite person or thing
signifies.
II. Pronomina partim sunt primitiva partim derivativa seu potius derivata.
Translation: Pronouns partly are primitive partly derivative or rather derived.
III. Primitiva sive primigenia dicuntur quae prima sunt et a se orta, ut ego, tu, sui, hic, iste, ille, ipse, is.
Translation: Primitive or original they are called which first are and from themselves arisen, as ego (I), tu
(you), sui (his own), hic (this), iste (that), ille (that), ipse (himself), is (he).
IV. Derivativa vel potius derivata sunt, quae ex aliis oriuntur ut meus, tuus, suus, noster, vester, nostras, vestras.
Translation: Derivative or rather derived they are, which from others arise, as meus (my), tuus (your),
suus (his own), noster (our), vester (your), nostras (our), vestras (your).
V. Demonstrativa sunt, quae rem demonstrant, ut ego, tu, hic, iste, ille, ipse, is.
Translation: Demonstratives they are, which a thing show, as ego (I), tu (you), hic (this), ille (that), ipse
(himself), is (he).
VI. Horum quinque–hic, iste, ille, ipse, is, et ex eo compositum idem–relativa dicuntur cum rem antecedentem in memoriam reducunt, ut Virgilius carmina composuit, idemque ipse ea cecinit.
Translation: Of these, five—hic, iste, ille, ipse, is and from it composed idem—relatives are called when a thing preceding to memory reduce, as “Virgil songs composed, and the same himself them sang.”
VII. Possessiva sunt quae possessionem significant, ut meus, tuus, suus, noster, vester.
Translation: Possessive (pronouns) they are, which possession signify, as meus (my), tuus (your), suus
(his own), noster (our), vester (your).
VIII. Gentilia sive patria sunt, quae non solum gentem vel patriam sed etiam partes sectamve adsignificant, ut nostras, vestras.
Translation: Gentile or patrial (pronouns) they are, which not only a nation or country but also parts or a
sect signify, as nostras (our), vestras (your).
IX. Reciproca duo sunt, unum primitivum nimirum sui, alterum derivativum seu derivatum nempe suus.
Translation: Reciprocal (pronouns) two there are, one primitive for certain sui (his own), the other
derivative or derived without doubt suus (his own).
Source: Alvarez, Emmanuel. Institutio Grammatica. Translated by William C. Michael (2022)
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Mr. William C. Michael is the founding headmaster of the Classical Liberal Arts Academy. Mr. Michael is a Lay Dominican in the Catholic Church and is a homeschooling father to ten children, all of whom have studied in the Academy. He graduated from Rutgers University with an honors degree in Classics & Ancient History and is a member of Phi Beta Kappa. Mr. Michael has worked in private education as a Classics teacher and administrator for over 20 years. Mr. Michael is known for his talks on the Academy YouTube channel and his sponsorship of Classical Catholic Radio.